杉杉来了

CIA publicly acknowledges 1953 coup it backed in Iran was undemocratic_我的网站

名侦探柯南

一 |

欧洲豪门的亚洲行正在进入新的阶段。 DUBAI, United Arab Emirates -- While revealing new details about one of the most famed CIA operations of all times — the spiriting out of six American diplomats who escaped the 1979 U.S. Embassy seizure in Iran — the intelligence agency for the first time has acknowledged something else as well.The CIA now officially describes the 1953 coup it backed in Iran that overthrew its prime minister and cemented the rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as undemocratic.Other American officials have made similar remarks in the past, but the CIA's acknowledgment in a podcast about the agency's history comes as much of its official history of the coup remains classified 70 years after the putsch. That complicates the public's understanding of an event that still resonates, as tensions remain high between Tehran and Washington over the Islamic Republic's rapidly advancing nuclear program, its aiding of militia groups across the Mideast and as it cracks down on dissent. The “CIA’s leadership is committed to being as open with the public as possible," the agency said in a statement responding to questions from The Associated Press. "The agency’s podcast is part of that effort — and we knew that if we wanted to tell this incredible story, it was important to be transparent about the historical context surrounding these events, and CIA’s role in it.”In response to questions from the AP, Iran's mission to the United Nations described the 1953 coup as marking “the inception of relentless American meddling in Iran’s internal affairs” and dismissed the U.S. acknowledgments.“The U.S. admission never translated into compensatory action or a genuine commitment to refrain from future interference, nor did it change its subversive policy towards the Islamic Republic of Iran,” the mission said in a statement. The CIA's podcast, called “The Langley Files” as its headquarters is based in Langley, Virginia, focused two recent episodes on the story of the six American diplomats' escape. While hiding at the home of the Canadian ambassador to Iran, a two-man CIA team entered Tehran and helped them fly out of the country while pretending to be members of a crew scouting for a made-up science fiction film.The caper, retold in the 2012 Academy Award-winning film “Argo” directed by and starring Ben Affleck, offered a dramatized version of the operation, with Affleck playing the late CIA officer Antonio “Tony” Mendez. The podcast for the first time identified the second CIA officer who accompanied Mendez, naming him as agency linguist and exfiltration specialist Ed Johnson. He previously only had been known publicly by the pseudonym “Julio.”“Working with the six — these are rookies," Johnson recounts in an interview aired by the podcast. "They were people who were not trained to lie to authorities. They weren’t trained to be clandestine, elusive.” But in the podcast, another brief exchange focuses on the 1953 coup.In it, CIA spokesman and podcast host Walter Trosin cites the claims of agency historians that the majority of the CIA’s clandestine activities in its history “bolstered” popularly elected governments.“We should acknowledge, though, that this is, therefore, a really significant exception to that rule,” Trosin says of the 1953 coup.CIA historian Brent Geary, appearing on the podcast, agrees.“This is one of the exceptions to that," Geary says.Seven decades later, the 1953 coup remains as hotly debated as ever by Iran, its theocratic government, historians and others. Iran's hard-line state television spent hours discussing the coup that toppled Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh on its anniversary in June. In their telling, a straight line leads from the coup to the 1979 Islamic Revolution that ultimately toppled the fatally ill shah. It still fuels the anti-Americanism that colors decisions made by the theocracy, whether in arming Russia in its war on Ukraine or alleging without evidence that Washington fomented the recent nationwide mass protests targeting it. From the U.S. side, the CIA's hand in the coup quickly was revealed as a success of Cold War espionage, though historians in recent years have debated just how much influence the agency's actions had. It also led the CIA into a series of further coups in other countries, including Guatemala, where American clandestine action in 1954 installed a military dictator and sparked a 40-year civil war that likely killed some 245,000 people.That's led to an American political reappraisal of the 1953 CIA action in Iran. Then-Secretary of State Madeleine Albright acknowledged the U.S.' "significant role" in the coup in 2000. President Barack Obama, speaking in Cairo in 2009, described the CIA's work as leading to the “overthrow of a democratically elected Iranian government.” But largely absent from the discussion was the CIA itself. After years of conflicting versions of the coup both in public and classified papers, a member of the CIA's own in-house team of historians wrote a reappraisal of the operation in a 1998 paper titled “Zendebad, Shah!” in Farsi — or “Long Live the Shah!”But despite a series of American historical documents being made public, including a major tranche of State Department papers in 2017, large portions of that CIA reappraisal remain heavily redacted despite attempts to legally pry them loose by the George Washington University-based National Security Archive. That's even after pledges by former agency directors Robert Gates and James Woolsey Jr. in the 1990s to release documents from that coup and others engineered by the agency. Further complicating any historical reckoning is the CIA's own admission that many files related to the 1953 coup likely had been destroyed in the 1960s.“It’s wrong to suggest that the coup operation itself has been fully declassified. Far from it," said Malcolm Byrne of the National Security Archive. "Important parts of the record are still being withheld, which only contributes to public confusion and encourages myth-making about the U.S. role long after the fact.”。过去，季前赛和球星见面构成了海外巡回的主要内容。

二 | 如今，俱乐部需要回答更多问题：一场比赛结束后，如何继续维系与当地球迷的关系；社交媒体、本土商品和线下活动如何形成长期运营；青训合作又该如何摆脱短期交流，真正留下人才、体系与经验。对于拜仁慕尼黑而言，中国市场一直是其国际化战略的重要组成部分。2016年，拜仁在上海成立中国办公室，成为首家在中国内地注册公司的欧洲足球俱乐部。此后，俱乐部持续运营本土社交媒体、球迷活动和商业合作，并通过太仓足球学校、人才选拔等项目参与中国青少年足球发展。2026年夏天，拜仁将时隔近20年再次来到中国香港，在启德体育场与阿斯顿维拉进行季前赛。亚洲行开始前，体育产业生态圈参与了拜仁慕尼黑足球俱乐部市场营销董事鲁文·卡斯帕的媒体对话。围绕中国市场变化、亚洲行的长期价值、青训合作、本土化产品和球迷消费等话题，卡斯帕分享了拜仁的观察与计划。以下为体育产业生态圈的对话实录。▍Q：您在拜仁慕尼黑和斯图加特都参与过中国市场及青少年足球项目。

三 | 对于德甲俱乐部而言，青训合作如何摆脱短期交流活动的模式，形成更持续的人才培养和商业合作机制？A：早在2016年，中德双方就签署合作协议，共同推进足球基础设施建设、教练培训和青少年人才培养。此后，我们围绕教练培养、球员选拔和长期训练体系开展了多种尝试。当时，拜仁与中国教育部合作，在深圳、青岛和太原设立足球学校。目前仍在持续运营、发展较为成熟的项目，是位于苏州太仓的拜仁双心太仓足球学校。项目从基层训练起步，由拜仁教练团队长期参与球员培养，目前球队已经能够参加江苏省较高水平的赛事。短期培训可以带来一定价值，但很难成为青训合作的主要方向。人才培养需要明确的长期战略，也需要合作各方持续执行同一套理念，避免频繁调整项目目标。合作对象可以有所不同，但只有保持长期投入，才有机会取得稳定成果。中国市场体量很大，推动足球发展也需要德甲俱乐部、其他欧洲俱乐部和中国足球从业者共同参与。

四 | 拜仁希望继续发挥外部支持者的作用，把训练经验、教练资源和人才培养体系带到中国，并与本地合作伙伴建立长期关系。

五 | 德国足球过去已经在中国留下了一些具体成果。中国男足国家队主教练邵佳一曾长期效力德国联赛；曾在拜仁任职的马永明目前担任北京国安体育总经理；刘邵子洋由拜仁发掘并赴欧洲接受培养，如今效力北京国安；谢初筠也曾通过斯图加特的项目获得赴德国发展的机会。这些案例说明，青训合作需要持续发现人才、提供高水平训练环境，并为球员建立长期发展路径。我们始终相信中国足球的发展潜力，也会继续投入。经过足够长的积累，项目成果会逐步显现，目前已经能够看到一些积极变化。▍Q：中国市场拥有大量欧洲足球球迷，但俱乐部官方商品和付费服务的消费转化仍有提升空间。拜仁如何看待中国球迷的付费能力，未来是否会推出更有针对性的产品和服务？A：对于拜仁而言，中国球迷首先是俱乐部的球迷，我们不会只把他们视为客户或消费者。我在中国工作期间，经常收到有关本土化周边和市场定制产品的询问。中国球迷对这类产品有明确需求，拜仁过去也推出过相关尝试，未来还会继续根据本地市场和球迷反馈开发产品。此次香港夏季行期间，拜仁将推出专属周边，其中包括一款与香港本地艺术家兼设计师合作完成的限定球衣。